Ryan Searles

February 7, 2007

World History CAPT Essay

For this CAPT essay we need to explain which nation that we have covered (Germany, Italy, Austria and the Ottoman empire) had the conditions and leaders in power to be most successful. The nation I think had the hardest time unifying would have to be Austria and the Ottoman empire. The reason I picked Austria and the Ottoman empire is because they had frequent warfare with the two other nations so they were always competing for land. They had Italy and France trying to take parts of them over. They also had Germany taking over parts and was dominated by German speaking Austrians. I think the easiest nation was Italy because they were stronger than the other two and won most of there wars and found a government to govern them.

First off I'm going to talk about Germany and what they went through to become unified. The person or persons that were in power in Germany were King William the 1 and his chancellor (prime minister) Otto Van Bismarck, but I'm going to concentrate more on Bismarck since he was the one who unified Germany. Bismarck unified Germany in under one decade. The polices that Bismarck enacted in order to bring Germany to unity was reforms, health care, real politiks, kulturkampf. Bismarck to compromise set up reforms polices to protect workers. Germany became a pioneer in social reforms, accident insurance, health insurance, and retirement benefits. The methods Germany used to unify their country was alliances and wars. Bismarck tried to build strong links between Austria and Russia. They also used warfare or military actions to aid in the unifying of Germany. They needed to take over lands and make alliances with other nations to help strengthen Germany and become unified. The outcome of there attempt to become unified was successful.

Now I'm going to talk about Italy. Italy was in power by Cavour, then by Victor Emmanuel. The policies that Italy used to become unified was real politiks like Bismarck. Cavour favored liberal goals, flexible, practical crafty politician. Italy did develop economically, reforms improved education and working conditions. The methods that Italy used to become unified were the same ones Germany used. They also used secret deal with napoleon 3, which was France would help Sardinia if they faced Austria in war. Italy also used military and power to get what they wanted. Sardinia and France took over Austria and annexed lombardy. Cavour supplied Garibaldi with weapons and ships to go south to Sicily, Garibaldi took over Naples and Sicily with his 1,000 red shit army., which helped to unify Italy. After Garibaldi conquered Sicily and Naples , Cavour sent Emmanuel to take care of Garibaldi. Cavour feared Garibaldi would set up his own republic in the south. Garibaldi turned Naples and Sicily over to Emmanuel. Unified Italy made sense because of the geography, common language, and history. In 1861 Cavour dies and Emmanuel becomes king of Italy. Emmanuel set up a 2 house legislature. Upper house appointed by king and lower house was elected. At the end Italy did end up becoming one nation and was unified.

The last nation I'm going to talk about is the Austrian and the Ottoman empire. The ruler or person in power of these empires was Francis 1. The polices that Francis 1 used to unify Austria and the Ottoman empire was probably the dual monarchy. Francis was the emperor of Austria and the king of Hapsburg. Shared ministries of defense, finance, and foreign affairs. The methods that Austria and the ottoman empire had was that they set up a constitution and legislature. They didn't have any alliances with any other countries and they had a lot of wars but were not good at fighting and winning over land. Hungarians wanted complete self rule. They acquired territory in Bohemia, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, and North Italy. The Austrian and the Ottoman empire was successful in becoming unified.

In conclusion in this CAPT essay we need to explain these nations Germany, Italy, Austrian and ottoman empire. We needed to explain how each one became unified and what they did to achieve this. Also to state which nation we felt had the easiest time unifying, which i said Italy. Italy was able to take over more land than the other two nations and they had a better control on the government. They had powerful leaders which was definitely a big help to the unifying of Italy. Each of the 3 nations had there troubles getting unified. They all wanted to become unified which is one thing they had in common. They all used policies and they all had methods. They both used wars to gain territory or a say in the government. All of the nations went through hard times and defeats and deaths but they all got what they wanted and that was to be one independent republic nation and to be unified.